Have you ever noticed that carps decorations are flying in Japan?
On May 5th, during the Japanese festival known as Tango no Sekku (Children’s Day), families celebrate the growth and well-being of boys by displaying koinobori, or carp streamers.
These vibrant decorations are a cherished part of Japanese culture, symbolizing strength, perseverance, and success.
What Is Koinobori?
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Why Carp?
Koinobori’s origins are linked to the Chinese myth of the dragon. According to an ancient legend, a carp that successfully swims up the mighty waterfall known as Ryūmon (Dragon Gate) transforms into a dragon. This tale, known as the “Tōryūmon Legend,” became a metaphor for success and social mobility.
In Japan, the carp’s strength and resilience in swimming against strong currents have made it a symbol of perseverance, representing the parents’ wish for their children to grow up strong and determined.
Origins of Koinobori in the Edo Period
The tradition of displaying koinobori dates back to the Edo period (1603–1868). Originally, samurai households would fly “musha-nobori” (warrior banners) featuring bold warrior illustrations and family crests. Over time, as the custom spread to commoners, they were not allowed to use samurai banners, so they instead created koinobori to celebrate their children’s future success.
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The Meaning Behind Koinobori Colors
In the Edo period, only a single black carp (magoi) was used. By the Meiji era (1868–1912), a red carp (higoi) was added, making it two-colored. Later, during the Showa period (1926–1989), blue and green carps appeared, symbolizing children. Today, black represents the father, red represents the mother, and blue, green, or pink represent their children.
Elements of Koinobori
The Significance of the “Fukinagashi” (Streamer)
Above the carp streamers, a multicolored windsock known as “fukinagashi” flutters in the wind. Its colors—blue, red, yellow, white, and black—originate from the Chinese theory of the Five Elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water). These elements are believed to balance and protect everything in the universe, making the fukinagashi a powerful symbol of protection against evil.
The “Kagotama” (Decorative Ball) at the Top
At the top of the koinobori pole, you may notice a round ornament called “kagotama.” This is an object of spiritual significance, believed to serve as a yorishiro, a sacred vessel that invites deities and protects the household.
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Japanese Koinobori Q&A
- QWhy are koinobori displayed on May 5th?
- A
May 5th is Children’s Day in Japan, historically known as Tango no Sekku. It was originally a festival for boys, but today it celebrates the growth and happiness of all children.
If you are interested in Children’s Day in Japan, please read the article below as well.
- QHow are koinobori displayed?
- A
Traditionally, koinobori are flown on tall poles outside homes. Today, smaller koinobori can also be displayed indoors or as decorations in public places.
Final thoughts
Koinobori is a cherished Japanese tradition, representing strength, perseverance, and parental wishes for their children’s bright future. Seen fluttering in the wind or displayed indoors, these colorful carp streamers continue to be a significant cultural symbol of Japan.
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