Have you ever heard of Yabusame?
It is one of Japan’s traditional Shinto rituals, in which an archer on horseback shoots at targets while galloping at full speed. Yabusame developed particularly during the Kamakura period (1185–1333) as both a form of warrior training and a sacred ritual performed before the gods. Even today, it is still practiced at various shrines across Japan.
In this article, we will explore the origins, history, and significance of Yabusame, as well as introduce famous shrines where you can witness this spectacular event.
Yabusame is so cool.
I’d like to see it in person!
I didn’t know that Yabusame is one of Japan’s traditional Shinto rituals!
What is Yabusame?
Yabusame is a Shinto ritual performed on a designated track, where archers dressed in traditional Kamakura-period hunting attire ride at full speed and attempt to hit three targets along the way.
One of the most remarkable features of Yabusame is the incredible skill required—archers must maintain control of their galloping horse while accurately aiming and shooting at each target. The horses used for Yabusame are typically retired racehorses (Thoroughbreds) or native Japanese breeds, while the archer’s attire faithfully replicates that of Kamakura-period samurai.
Origins of Yabusame
The origins of Yabusame date back to the mid-6th century (552 AD), when Emperor Kinmei initiated the ritual in Usa, Kyushu, as part of ceremonies dedicated to Empress Jingū and Emperor Ōjin. The event was performed by the most skilled mounted archers to pray for peace and a bountiful harvest.
From the Imperial Court to the Samurai
Originally, Yabusame was a form of court entertainment enjoyed by the nobility. However, with the rise of the samurai class, it was adopted as a means of military training and later evolved into a sacred ritual. Yabusame combined horseback riding and archery, but it was not merely a display of skill—it was also a religious practice meant to seek divine protection.
Yabusame in the Kamakura Period
During the Kamakura period, Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate, played a significant role in promoting Yabusame. By incorporating it into Shinto festivals, he aimed to strengthen both the martial spirit and religious devotion of his warriors. This period marked the expansion of Yabusame across Japan, establishing it as a traditional Shinto ritual.
The Meaning and Purpose of Yabusame
Yabusame is more than just a test of skill—it is a sacred ritual with deep spiritual meaning. When the archer releases an arrow from a galloping horse, it carries prayers and wishes to the gods.
Prayers for Peace and a Bountiful Harvest
One of the primary purposes of Yabusame is to pray for peace and agricultural prosperity. It is believed that hitting the targets ensures stability and abundance for the nation and local communities.
Protection from Disease and Disaster
Yabusame is also performed as a ritual to ward off epidemics and disasters. Many shrines conduct Yabusame ceremonies to seek divine protection and blessings for the health and safety of the people.
Samurai Training and Discipline
For the samurai, Yabusame was a form of practical training that combined horseback riding and archery. However, it was more than just a military exercise—it was also a way to cultivate spiritual discipline and dedication to the gods, reinforcing the values of Bushidō (the Way of the Samurai).
The Appeal of Yabusame
Speed and Excitement
One of the most thrilling aspects of Yabusame is the speed and intensity of the performance. The horses gallop at full speed using a technique called shūho (襲歩) or gallop, reaching speeds of over 1,000 meters per minute.
Very fast!
The tension builds as the archers draw their bows and release their arrows in quick succession.
Traditional Attire
The archers in Yabusame wear elaborate, traditional Kamakura-period hunting attire, which adds to the spectacle. Their clothing includes:
| Tate-eboshi (立烏帽子) | a tall ceremonial hat |
| Ayai-gasa (綾藺笠) | a woven hat for archers |
| Yoroi-hitatare (鎧直垂) | a type of samurai overcoat |
| Igote (射小手) | protective arm guards |
| Mukabaki (行騰) | loose-fitting trousers |
| Tachi (太刀) | a traditional sword |
| Ebira (箙) | a quiver for arrows |
The combination of vivid colors and historical accuracy makes the event visually stunning.
Famous Shrines Hosting Yabusame
Here are three famous shrines for Yabusame.
Shimogamo Shrine (Kyoto)
At Kyoto’s Shimogamo Shrine, Yabusame is performed every May, alongside the famous Kamo Kurabeuma (賀茂競馬), a traditional horse race.
Wakaichioji Shrine (Omachi, Nagano Prefecture)
In Nagano Prefecture, Nyakuichioji Shrine holds a spectacular Yabusame event that is cherished by the local community.
Tsurugaoka Hachimangū (Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture)
One of the most famous Yabusame events takes place at Tsurugaoka Hachimangū in Kamakura. This shrine, closely associated with Minamoto no Yoritomo, hosts a grand Yabusame festival every September, attracting numerous visitors.
Yabusame Q&A
- QIs it free to watch Yabusame?
- A
Most shrines allow visitors to watch for free, but some locations offer reserved seating for a fee.
- QCan I experience Yabusame myself?
- A
Some horseback archery clubs and special events offer Yabusame experiences for beginners.
Conclusion
Yabusame is a sacred and breathtaking ritual that has been passed down through generations in Japan. Dating back to the 6th century, it evolved into a samurai training method during the Kamakura period and remains a cherished cultural tradition today.
With its thrilling speed, stunning traditional attire, and deep spiritual meaning, Yabusame continues to captivate audiences across Japan.
If you ever have the chance, be sure to witness the incredible spectacle of Yabusame in person!
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