Onamazu: The Giant Catfish Yokai and Earthquakes in Japan

Japanese folklore is rich with fascinating tales of mysterious creatures, and the Namazu, or giant catfish, is one of the most intriguing. Known as a yokai (a supernatural being in Japanese culture), Onamazu is said to live beneath the earth. According to legend, when the giant catfish thrashes about, earthquakes occur.

This myth has been deeply intertwined with Japan’s history, as the country frequently experiences earthquakes. The idea of a giant catfish causing seismic activity helped ancient communities explain these natural disasters. Moreover, some shrines in Japan house kaname-ishi (foundation stones) believed to pin down Onamazu and prevent it from wreaking havoc.

In this article, we’ll explore the legend of Onamazu, its connection to earthquakes, and some famous shrines where you can see these legendary stones for yourself.

What Is Onamazu?

The Legend of Onamazu and Japanese Folklore

Onamazu is a giant catfish that lurks underground in Japanese folklore. It is depicted as a powerful creature whose movements beneath the earth’s surface cause earthquakes. During the Edo period, Onamazu became a symbol of natural disasters, and artistic depictions of it, such as the jishin namazu-e (earthquake catfish prints), gained popularity.

These prints often showed Onamazu as both a destructive force and a figure of humor, reflecting the dual nature of yokai as both fearsome and relatable beings.

Why Catfish Are Linked to Earthquakes

Catfish are highly sensitive to vibrations, which might explain their association with earthquakes. Observing their behavior, people in ancient Japan believed that these creatures could predict or even cause seismic activity.

This belief also aligned with a broader cultural tendency to explain natural phenomena through myths and folklore, making Onamazu a central figure in earthquake-related legends.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the Onamazu Tale

One interesting story ties the Namazu myth to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a famous Japanese warlord. When constructing Fushimi Castle, Hideyoshi reportedly instructed his retainers to ensure the castle could withstand earthquakes, famously mentioning the Onamazu. The story illustrates how deeply the Onamazu legend influenced even historical figures of the time.

Shrines Featuring Kaname-ishi: Stones to Suppress Onamazu

What Is a Kaname-ishi?

A kaname-ishi is a symbolic stone believed to pin down Onamazu, preventing it from causing earthquakes. These stones are sacred objects and can be found in several shrines across Japan. They represent humanity’s desire to control and coexist with natural forces.

Kashima Shrine in Ibaraki

Kashima Shrine, located in Ibaraki Prefecture, is one of the most famous sites for seeing a kaname-ishi. The shrine’s stone is said to extend deep into the earth, holding Onamazu in place. Kashima Shrine is also a spiritual and historical landmark with a serene atmosphere, attracting many visitors annually.

Omura Shrine in Mie

In Mie Prefecture, Omura Shrine also features a kaname-ishi. This shrine is less well-known but equally fascinating, offering a glimpse into local beliefs and traditions surrounding Onamazu. Visitors can enjoy exploring its tranquil grounds while learning about its history.

Visiting Kaname-ishi Shrines

When visiting shrines with kaname-ishi, take the time to appreciate the serene surroundings and learn about the deep connection between folklore and natural phenomena. Kashima Shrine, for example, offers not just a cultural experience but also a chance to enjoy the beautiful natural landscape.

Onamazu Q&A

Conclusion

The legend of Namazu, the giant earthquake-causing catfish, offers a fascinating glimpse into Japanese folklore and how ancient communities interpreted natural disasters. Visiting shrines like Kashima Shrine or Omura Shrine allows you to connect with these traditions while exploring Japan’s rich cultural and spiritual heritage.

Whether you’re a fan of mythology or just curious about Japan’s unique relationship with nature, the story of Onamazu is sure to captivate your imagination.