When you think of traditional Japanese footwear, you might picture geta (wooden clogs) or zōri (sandals). But there’s another item that is just as important: tabi.
Tabi are unique Japanese socks with a split between the big toe and the other toes. They may look simple, but they’ve been part of Japanese culture for centuries. Once a daily necessity, today you’ll mostly see them with kimono, at festivals, or on the feet of skilled craftsmen. Recently, fashionable tabi designs and even tabi-style sneakers have appeared, attracting attention not only in Japan but also abroad.
In this article, we’ll take a casual look at the history of tabi, their types, how to wear them, and how they’re used in modern times. By the end, you’ll hopefully think: “Wow, tabi are actually really cool!”
The History of Tabi
Origins of Tabi
The roots of tabi go back to the Heian period (8th–12th century). Early versions were made from leather, serving more as protective covers for the feet than as socks.
There are actually several theories about the origin of tabi.
One theory says they developed from a type of footwear called shitozu that came from China to Japan around the 5th century. Another suggests that during the Heian period, hunters wore fur footwear with a split at the toes—called ketabi—to protect their feet, and that became the prototype of modern tabi.
Edo Period Popularity
During the Edo period (17th–19th century), cotton became widely available, and tabi spread to the common people. White tabi symbolized cleanliness and were used for formal occasions, while indigo or black tabi were common for daily wear. Edo townsfolk proudly matched tabi with their kimono and wooden sandals, making them a fashion statement.
Modernization and Western Influence
In the Meiji era, Western clothing became popular, and tabi gradually disappeared from everyday life. Still, they remained essential for kimono in formal settings. Even today, tabi continue to play a key role in festivals, traditional performing arts, and martial arts.
Types of Tabi
There are some types of Tabi…
White Tabi for Formal Wear
The most iconic style is the white tabi. They are indispensable at weddings, tea ceremonies, and traditional performances such as Noh or Kabuki. The clean white color represents purity and formality, giving the outfit a crisp finish.
I also own a pair of white tabi. I wore them when I put on a hakama for a wedding.
Do you still have them?
Probably collecting dust somewhere in the back of my closet…
Colorful and Patterned Tabi
For casual or stylish use, people wear colorful or patterned tabi. These modern versions add flair to kimono outfits and are sometimes even paired with Western clothes. Think of them as accessories to show your personal style.
These days there are lots of stylish tabi, like lace ones or embroidered ones. I kind of want a fashionable pair myself.
Jikatabi (Work & Festival Tabi)
Jikatabi are a hybrid of socks and shoes, with rubber soles that make them durable and slip-resistant. They are worn by people carrying festival floats, as well as by carpenters, gardeners, and construction workers. They provide excellent grip and allow precise foot movement—perfect for demanding work.
Tabi in Modern Life
With Kimono
While few Japanese people wear kimono daily today, tabi are still essential for formal occasions like weddings, coming-of-age ceremonies, and tea ceremonies. White tabi remain a symbol of proper dress.
In Traditional Arts and Martial Arts
In Noh, Kabuki, Japanese dance, and tea ceremony, tabi are an important part of the costume. Some martial arts, like Aikido, also use tabi. Wearing them helps improve posture and adds elegance to movements.
I didn’t know this either, but apparently even in martial arts like Aikido or Kendo—which you usually picture being done barefoot—tabi are sometimes used!
For Craftsmen at Work
Even now, many professionals wear tabi. Carpenters, plasterers, and gardeners often use jikatabi on the job. The thin yet sturdy soles let them “feel” the ground, which is especially useful for delicate tasks. They’re also safe, providing grip when working at heights. For many craftsmen, tabi are trusted partners.
I heard that some people also use jikatabi for hiking. They say the split-toe design helps you grip with your toes, prevents slipping, and makes them durable and long-lasting.
Fashion and Sports
Today, tabi are making a comeback in unexpected ways. Tabi-style sneakers and running shoes are designed to enhance natural foot movement. There are also tabi socks—casual, everyday socks with a split toe. These are easy to wear with sandals or sneakers, and are a fun way to try the tabi look without going full traditional.
I also use tabi socks. If you’re curious about tabi socks, check out the article below!
Online shop you can buy Tabi from abroad
The online shop KIMONOMACHI offers a wide selection of kimono, yukata, and of course, plenty of tabi. You’ll find everything from classic white tabi to easy-to-wear stretch versions, as well as stylish embroidered and colorful designs.
KIMONOMACHI also ships internationally, and their website includes a helpful guide for overseas delivery—so shopping from outside Japan is easy and worry-free!
Tabi Q&A
- QHow do you wear tabi?
- A
Traditional tabi have metal hooks called kohaze at the back. You slip your foot in and fasten the hooks one by one. It feels tricky at first, but once you get used to it, it’s simple.
- QCan tabi replace regular socks?
- A
Yes! You can wear them like socks, though they pair best with zōri, geta, or jikatabi. For a more casual option, tabi socks are perfect. They look like regular socks but have the iconic split toe, making them great for sandals or even sneakers.
- QCan I buy tabi outside Japan?
- A
Yes. Many online shops sell them, and you can often find them at stores that specialize in Japanese crafts or at tourist destinations.
Final Thoughs about Tabi
Tabi are far more than just “Japanese socks.” Their history stretches back over a thousand years, supporting both warriors and townsfolk. They became fashionable in the Edo period, evolved into work gear for craftsmen, and today inspire fashion and sportswear worldwide.
With their distinctive split-toe design, tabi are practical, stylish, and deeply connected to Japanese culture.
If you ever visit Japan, why not try wearing a pair? Slip them on, and you might find yourself standing a little taller—with a new appreciation for this small but fascinating part of Japanese tradition.
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